LGBTQIA+ asylum
seekers and refugees

The term LGBTQIA+ is a term that refers collectively to people who are lesbianA lesbian usually refers to a woman who is physically and romantically attracted to other women., gayGay usually refers to a person, primarily male, who is attracted to people of the same gender., bisexualBisexual refers to an individual who is attracted to both men and women., transgenderTransgender people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from the sex that they were assigned at birth., queerQueer is an umbrella term for sexual and gender minorities who are not heterosexual or cisgender., intersexIntersex people are born with sex characteristics that do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies., and/or asexualAsexual individuals do not experience sexual attraction to others but may have emotional or romantic attractions.. People leave their countries of origin for many reasons. If you are forced to leave because your family, community or the government does not accept you because you belong to the LGBTQIA+ community, you may qualify for refugee status in South Africa if you meet the definition of a refugee in terms of South Africa’s Refugees Act 130 of 1998. This e-pamphlet will explain your rights to get protection as a refugee in South Africa, how to request legal assistance from the LRC and how to access other services from refugee service providers.

REFUGEES ACT

Under the Refugees Act, one qualifies for refugee status if they have left their home country and has a well-founded fear of persecution based on their race, tribe, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group (this category includes members of the LGBTQIA+ community) and/or war in parts or the whole of your country. The government is unable or unwilling to provide you with protection from such persecution.
 
You do not qualify for refugee status in South Africa if you have left your country to access healthcare, employment, or education.

CLAIMING ASYLUM

  1. When you cross the border into South Africa with the intention of seeking asylum, you must declare this at your point of entry. You will be issued a transit visa which is valid for 5 days. It is within these 5 days that you must report to a Refugee Reception Office (RRO).There are RROs in the following cities:
    • Cape Town
    • Durban
    • Port Elizabeth
    • Pretoria
    • Musina
  1. At the RRO, you will be assisted by a Refugee Reception Officer to complete an application form. This assistance is free. Please do not make use of the service of anyone outside the RRO. You should avoid taking advice from any non-governmental official claiming to guarantee getting you documentation.
    • Information required for the completion of this application includes -details of your identity, family composition, education, employment history, military involvement, criminal record, and why you are seeking asylum in South Africa. This information will be used later when you are interviewed in the final assessment of your asylum claim. You could be rejected for asylum if any of the details you provided are not true or you change your story when interviewed by DHA in this interview.
    • After the interview, your fingerprints and a photo of you will be taken and you will be allocated a unique file number. This number acts as an identity number through which you can access services in South Africa.
  1. Once your application is made, you will be issued with an Asylum Seeker Temporary Permit. This document allows you to legally reside in South Africa and to work, study, and access other social services such as social security and healthcare. This permit is usually valid for 6 months and is renewable until your refugee claim has been decided.
    • You have the right to have the asylum seeker permit renewed for the duration of the processing of your claim by the Department of Home Affairs by returning to the RRO that gave you your first permit and/or emailing the relevant email address to request an extension. It is your responsibility to renew your permit before it expires. The DHA will only condone your failure to renew your permit if there were serious reasons why you could not renew your permit such as being in hospital or being arrested. You would need proof from the hospital or the police.
  1. During your time living in South Africa with an Asylum Seeker Permit, you will be invited for a refugee status determination hearing. This hearing is conducted by a Refugee Status Determination Officer (RSDO), an employee of the Department of Home Affairs. This takes the form of an interview, and its purpose is to obtain information to assess if you are eligible for refugee status. All information shared during this interview is confidential. You bear the onus of proving your refugee claim. Any information that you can provide will be helpful to prove that you have a valid refugee claim.
 

This information can include:

  • Any documents that you may have to prove your identity: passports, local identity document, driver’s license, photos, school records, letters, etc.
  • Any documents that can support your claim: newspaper articles, photos, extracts from social media, copies of text messages etc.
If you do not possess this type of evidence to support your case, the RSDO cannot insist that you do so. In this situation, your story which outlines where you are from and the circumstances which made you leave your country may be sufficient.
  • You can request free interpretation services to be provided to you.
  • If this hearing is successful, you will be given a refugee permit. This is called a Recognition of Formal Refugee Status or a Section 24 Certificate.
  • If your asylum claim is rejected, you can appeal this rejection by launching an appeal with the Refugee Appeals Authority. If your claim has been rejected as manifestly unfounded your claim will be automatically reviewed by the Standing Committee for Refugee Affairs.
  • Importantly the Legal Resources Centre provides legal assistance to LGBTQIA+ asylum seekers who have had their asylum claims rejected.

RIGHTS

  1. You have all the rights outlined in the Bill of Rights in the
    South African Constitution, such as, for example, the right
    to education, dignity, and social security (except for ones
    that explicitly apply to South African citizens, such as the
    right to vote or form a political party).
  2. You have a right not to be unlawfully arrested, detained,
    or deported.
  3. You have the right to have your sexual orientation and
    gender identity respected. If you are for some reason
    arrested, you have the legal right for your gender identity
    to be respected – if this is not the case you are being
    unfairly discriminated against.
  1. When you are having your refugee status determination hearing these are some important things to note:
  • The officials cannot ask you questions related to your religious beliefs and what any religion says about LGBTQIA+ individuals.
  • You cannot be asked about sexual partners or encounters of a sexual nature.
  • These officials cannot make assertions that are homophobic, insensitive and/or based on stereotypes such as “You do not act gay.” or “You do not look gay”.
  • These officials should be impartial and express appropriate terminology which is not offensive and be nonjudgmental in your status determination hearing.
  • Questions asked around sexual violence need to be done with the highest level of sensitivity.
  • You cannot be asked if you have received any gender-affirming treatment whether in the form of surgery, hormones, etc.

DETENTION RIGHTS OF ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGEES

As an asylum seeker or refugee in South Africa, you have the right:
 
  1. To be informed of the reasons for your detention and your rights in detention.
  2. To be detained in conditions within minimum standards of dignity and human rights, including adequate accommodation, food, reading material, and medical treatment.

  • When you are having your refugee status determination hearing these are some important things to note:
  • If you are arrested or taken into custody for purposes of detention, you are entitled to legal assistance.
  • You have the right to be visited by spouses or partners, next of kin, and chosen religious counselors who might assist in finding legal assistance for you.
  • Refugees and asylum-seekers have a right to free legal representation in all criminal matters from Legal Aid South Africa.

HEALTHCARE

  1. As an LGBTQIA+ refugee or asylum seeker, you also have the right to healthcare. You have the right to free primary emergency healthcare services.
  2. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding or have a child under the age of 6 years, you are eligible for free healthcare services, including hospital visits.
  3. If you need to go to the hospital, then you will be required to pay on a sliding scale based on your income. If you do not work, you do not need to pay for these services. However, you will need to bring proof of your lack of income through an affidavit.
  1. There are specific clinics in South Africa that provide gender-affirming healthcare to transgender individuals. These healthcare centers provide gender-affirming healthcare and their details are as follows:
  2. In Cape Town, free gender-affirming healthcare for transgender individuals can be accessed at Ivan Toms Centre for Health (Ivan Toms) and Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute (Wits RHI). Transgender individuals based in Mbombela, Pretoria, Tembisa, Pietermaritzburg, and Durban can access gender-affirming healthcare through the Aurum Institute.

WHERE TO GO FOR LEGAL ASSISTANCE?

If you are unclear about anything or if you feel there have been any violations of your rights, please feel free to contact the Legal Resources Centre
You may also use of the services of the following organizations which are free of charge:
  1. Scalabrini
    (Cape Town)
    Email: info@scalabrini.org.za
    Telephone: 021 465 6433
  2. Lawyers for Human Rights
    (Pretoria, Johannesburg, Durban)
    Email: info@lhr.org.za
    Telephone:
    012 320 2943 (Durban)
    011 339 1960 (Johannesburg)
    031 301 0531 (Pretoria)
  1. UCT Refugee Rights Clinic
    (Cape Town)
    Email: Refugeelawclinic@uct.ac.za
    Telephone: 021 650 3775
     
  2. Nelson Mandela University
    Refugee Rights Clinic
    (Port Elizabeth)
    Email: Linton.harmse@nmu.ac.za
    Telephone: 041 504 4705

WHERE TO GO FOR VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT?

  1. Adonis Musati
    (Cape Town)
    Email: admin@adonimusatiproject.org
    Telephone: 021 762 4886
  2. Jesuit Refugee Services
    (Johannesburg and Pretoria)
    Email: communications@jrsap.org
    Telephone: 011 618 3404
  3. Refugee Social Services
    (Durban)
    Email: admin@refugeesocialservices.co.za
    Telephone: 031 001 7293

Sexual and reproductive health rights

We aim to raise awareness of the sexual and reproductive health rights of girls and the crucial role of education in these rights to empower girls to make informed decisions about their bodies and health.


We have created four resources on sexual and reproductive health rights in education for female learners.

  • Our research report considers the importance of education on sexual and reproductive health rights and protection from gender-based and sexual violence and evaluates the efficacy of existing policies and curriculum content.
  • Our research report can be downloaded here.
  • Our training manual is aimed at teaching girl learners about their sexual and reproductive health rights. We provide child-friendly and scientifically accurate information on topics such as what it means to have sexual and reproductive rights, puberty, consent, sexual assault, HIV, and other STIs.
  • Our training manual can be downloaded here.
  • Our factsheet on SRHR can be downloaded here.
  • Our toolkit captures the content of the training manual, in a simplified user-friendly video format and can be downloaded here.

The right to protest

Know your rights: the right to protest

The purpose of this project is threefold: to raise awareness about the laws regulating the right to freedom of assembly and freedom of association, how people can exercise these rights and how to lay a complaint against the state or the police in the case of police brutality experienced while participating in a gathering or protest.

Guidelines on right to freedom of assembly and association

The right to protest is a fundamental right in South Africa and serves as a bedrock to our democracy. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa confirms the right to protest. This right is envisaged in section 17 of the Constitution. Everyone has the right to assembly, to demonstrate, to picket, and to present petitions. This right is regulated by the Regulations of Gatherings Act 205 of 1993. The RGA works on the basis that citizens and organisations have a right to protest and then sets out circumstances in which this right may be exercised.

Given the importance of the right to protest in South Africa, the LRC has developed a toolkit to provide information and educate on the content of this right to protest. The toolkit is intended to serve as a resource for use by organisations, students, activists, or any other persons who wish to partake in protests, register their community organisation, or learn more about the right to freedom of association and the right to freedom of assembly in South Africa. Download the Toolkit Here

 

A guide for organisers and conveners

Who can convene a protest?

According to South African law, everyone has a right to protest, including persons who are under 18 years. Anyone can convene a protest.

Difference between demonstration and gathering The Gatherings Act differentiates between a ‘gathering’ and a ‘demonstration’.

A demonstration is defined as including ‘any demonstration by one or more persons, but not more than 15 persons, for or against any person, cause, action or failure to take action.

For this type of protest (demonstration), you do not need to file a notice.

A gathering is defined as ‘any assembly, concourse or procession of more than 15 persons in or on any public road or any other public place or premises wholly or partly open to the air. For a gathering, you will need to file for a notice before convening.

When to file a notice?

According to the Gatherings Act, the convener of gatherings must give notice of the gathering seven days before the proposed date to gather. The notice must be given to the local authority. Your duty is only to give notice and you do not need to wait for a response from the responsible officer, you may proceed with a gathering as long as you give prior notice. FILING NOTICE IS SUFFICIENT, YOU NEED NOT RECEIVE A RESPONSE.

NOTE: Failure to give notice is no longer an offense. If you get arrested for not giving notice, the arrest is unlawful.

Read More

Where do you file a notice?

You can file a notice with a designated officer at your local authority. If there is no local authority available, you may give the notice to the magistrate of the district. What to do when police harass and intimidate you Police are not supposed to harass or intimidate you for protesting, they are only responsible to ensure that protestors are adequately protected. When an officer assaults/intimidates and harasses you, ensure that you document the incident and report it. Recite and confirm your rights to the officer. You may not be arrested for peaceful protesting. Always refrain from damaging public and private property when protesting as that is a criminal offense. You must always protest and convey your message without violence.

Historic right Protesting, picketing, and demonstration hold a historic significance in South Africa.

Pre-1994, protests were a tool used by the marginalised groups who lived during the times of a thoroughly wicked political system – apartheid. Then, the protest was geared towards dismantling injustices perpetrated by the apartheid system and thus have contributed immensely to the birth of democratic South Africa. Protests can and do bring social-political change – they bring social problems to the public eye and can be effective in bringing about change. Apartheid South Africa had a history of repressing and criminalising protests. The architects of the South African democracy chose a way of breaking away from the ways of the past and recognized protesting as a basic human right for all.

Significance of protests today Protests are a catalyst for social change in South Africa.

The rights to protest, picket and demonstrate, form the tenets of South Africa’s constitutional democracy and are key rights for accountability and advancement of rights. Research shows that protest is often the last resort which communities turn to when other participatory mechanisms have failed. The right to protest is an essential tool for political expression and a crucial mechanism through which dissatisfied groups can voice their grievances. In recent years South Africa has seen widely documented #ServiceDeliveryProtest, the #FeesMustFall, the #MarikanaMassacre, and #RhodesMustFall. These are protests that was so reminiscent of the pre-1994 protests geared towards social change. Even though South Africa is now a democratic state there are still injustices that are faced by various groups who take up protesting as a tool to voice out their concerns and s means to effect change.

Important laws that protect your rights:

  • The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 [READ MORE]
  • The Regulation of Gatherings ACT 205 OF 1993 [READ MORE]
  • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights [READ MORE]
  • African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights [READ MORE]
  • African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights Guidelines on Freedom of Association and Assembly [READ MORE]
  • African Commission Guidelines for the Policing of Assemblies by Law Enforcement Officials in Africa [READ MORE]

Important case authority In the case of Mlungwana and Others v The State and Another (known as ‘SJC10’), the Constitutional Court dealt with the criminalisation of a convener’s failure to give adequate notice to the local municipality when convening a gathering of more than 15 people. Section 12(1)(a) criminalised the failure to give notice of a gathering. The Constitutional Court decided that section 12(1) of the RGA is inconsistent with the Constitution and thus invalid. This interpretation promotes fundamental freedoms. The Mlungwana case is a landmark case that reinforces and confirms your right to protest.

Stop torture project

Put a stop to torture

The purpose of this project is to raise awareness about torture and the use of certain tools that are used for the advancement of torture.

The main objective is to enable victims or other persons to lodge a report on behalf of victims.

This project aims to prevent future incidents of torture and ill-treatment, increase accountability for prior incidents and contribute to reparation for survivors through a distinctive focus on the use and trade of the tools of torture used to perpetrate such acts.

The project is funded by the EU’s European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights (EIDHR) under its Prevention of Torture strand of work, and runs for three years from April 2018 to March 2021.